Jummaland is a proposed homeland for the indigenous Jumma peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in southeastern Bangladesh. The region is one of the most ethnically diverse areas of South Asia, home to multiple Tibeto Burman and Austro Asiatic groups collectively called the Jumma because of their traditional jhum or shifting cultivation.

These communities historically maintained their own governance under hereditary chiefs and enjoyed considerable autonomy during the pre colonial and early colonial periods.  British rule altered the region through administrative restructuring, missionary influence, and the creation of protected hill districts. While this preserved Jumma cultural identity, it also introduced new forms of economic and political control. After the partition of British India in 1947, the Chittagong Hill Tracts were incorporated into Pakistan despite a predominantly non Muslim population. The construction of the Kaptai Dam in the 1960s displaced tens of thousands of indigenous residents, intensifying demands for recognition and protection.  Following the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Jumma leaders sought constitutional guarantees, regional autonomy, and respect for traditional land rights. Instead, state sponsored settlement programs brought large numbers of Bengali communities into the area, contributing to land loss, cultural erosion, and periods of armed conflict. The 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord created regional councils and promised demilitarisation, but implementation has been inconsistent.

The idea of Jummaland represents the aspiration for self governance, cultural preservation, and protection of ancestral lands. Although independence is not universally demanded, the movement articulates a desire for meaningful autonomy within a political framework that respects the distinct identity of the Jumma peoples.